Image processing apparatus and method of transmitting reference clock

ABSTRACT

An engine unit and a control unit are connected via an interface. A power source supplies electric power to the interface. The engine unit is controlled based on a reference clock generated in the control unit and transmitted to the engine unit via the interface. Only when a voltage output from the power source to the interface is in the operating-voltage range, the clock generator sends the reference clock to the engine unit via the interface.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority to and incorporates by referencethe entire contents of Japanese priority documents, 2006-316042 filed inJapan on Nov. 22, 2006 and 2007-237748 filed in Japan on Sep. 13, 2007.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus. Moreparticularly, the present invention relates to an image processingapparatus including a high-speed serial bus and a method of transmittinga reference clock via the high-speed serial bus.

2. Description of the Related Art

Peripheral component interconnect express (registered trademark)(hereinafter, “PCI Express”) is a type of high-speed serial buses. Ahigh-speed bus is an interface capable of transmitting and receivingdata at a high speed (about 100 Mbps or higher) through a singletransmission path by use of serial transmission technique. The PCIExpress, a successive version of PCI standards, is a standard expansionbus generally used in computers. The PCI Express is featured bytransmission by using low-voltage differential signals, point-to-pointfull-duplex communication lines (capable of simultaneous transmit andreceive), packetized split transaction, and improved scalability capableof establishing communication between different link structures.

Given below are examples of conventional technologies that relate to thePCI Express. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-321921discloses a serial-data transmitter, an image outputting device, animage inputting device, and an image processing apparatus that implementa low-cost and low-power consumption interface in an image device thatcan perform a high-speed serial data communication specifically based onPCI Express standards. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.2005-151448 discloses a data-transmission system, an image formingsystem, and a data-transmission program that provide improveddata-transfer efficiency by avoiding transfer-path competition that canhappen in parallel processing of a plurality of independent datatransfers.

In the above-described conventional devices that includes the interfacebased on the PCI Express standards, when a spread-spectrum referenceclock is input in a state that a voltage output from a power source of adevice that receives the reference clock to the PCI Express input/output(I/O) interface is lower than a predetermined operating-voltage, thereceiver device may go out of order.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to at least partially solve theproblems in the conventional technology.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided animage processing apparatus including an engine unit that processes animage; a control unit that controls operation of the engine unit; aninterface that connects the engine unit and the control unit to eachother, wherein the control unit controls operation of the engine unit bysending a reference clock to the engine unit via the interface; and apower source that supplies electric power to the interface. The engineunit includes a first determining unit that determines whether a voltageoutput from the power source to the interface is in a predeterminedoperating-voltage range, and the control unit includes a clock generatorthat starts generating, when the first determining unit determines thatthe voltage is in the operating-voltage range, a first reference-clockand transmits the first reference-clock to the engine unit via theinterface.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provideda method of transmitting a reference clock from a first device to asecond device via an interface. The method includes determining whethera voltage input to the interface is in a predetermined operating-voltagerange; and starting generating, when it is determined at the determiningthat the voltage is in the operating-voltage range, a reference clock bythe first device and transmitting the reference clock to the seconddevice via the interface.

The above and other objects, features, advantages and technical andindustrial significance of this invention will be better understood byreading the following detailed description of presently preferredembodiments of the invention, when considered in connection with theaccompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining an exemplary structure of animage processing apparatus according to a first embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 2 a block diagram of for explaining another exemplary structure ofthe image processing apparatus according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a process performed according to a thirdembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a process performed according a forthembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a process performed according to a fifthembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a process performed according to a sixthembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a process of shifting to an energy-saving modeperformed according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention;and

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a process of rebooting from the energy-savingmode performed according to the seventh embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detailbelow with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As explained in the following embodiments, an image processing apparatusstarts transmitting a reference clock after verifying that a voltageoutput from a power source of a device, which receives the referenceclock, to a PCI Express I/O interface is in a predeterminedoperating-voltage range.

An image processing apparatus according to a first embodiment of thepresent invention has a structure shown in FIG. 1. The image processingapparatus includes an engine 2 that processes an image, for example,prints or scans an image, a controller 1 that controls operation of theengine 2, a main power switch (main power SW) 3, and a power supply unit(PSU) 4. The engine 2 includes a power source 21, and the controller 1includes a power source 11. The PSU 4 supplies electric power to boththe power source 11 and the power source 21. The controller 1 and theengine 2 are connected to each other via a bus 5 based on the PCIExpress standards (hereinafter, “PCI Express 5”). The PCI Express 5receives a power from the power source 21.

The engine 2 includes, apart from the power source 21, a resetintegrated circuit (IC) 24, a central processing unit (CPU) 23, and anapplication specific integrated circuit (ASIC) 22. The controller 1includes, apart from the power source 11, an ASIC 12, a CPU 13, and aspread-spectrum clock generator (SSCG) 14.

The SSCG 14 generates a reference clock (REFCLK) and transmits theREFCLK to the engine 2. The SSCG 14 includes a register 14 a. The ASIC12 includes a link training and status state machine (LTSSM) register 12a. The register 14 a and the LTSSM register 12 a are described later indetails. The CPU 13 includes a timer 13 a.

The main power SW 3 is ON at a first step of a boot-up process of theimage processing apparatus. The PSU 4 then supplies power to both thecontroller 1 and the engine 2 thereby each of the controller 1 and theengine 2 generates a power required for its operation.

Specifically, when the main power SW 3 is ON in a state that alternatingcurrent (AC) power is OFF, a 5-VE direct current (DC) power source isON. The power source 11 of the controller 1 is then ON so that the ASIC12 asserts a power ON energy (PONENG) signal and transmits the PONENG tothe PSU 4.

Upon receiving the PONENG from the ASIC 12, the PSU 4 supplies a S-V DCpower to the engine 2 and a part of the controller 1. Thereafter, thereset IC 24 asserts a power OK engine (POKENG) signal indicative of avoltage output from the power source 21 of the engine 2 being within apredetermined operating-voltage range. When the ASIC 12 receives thePOKENG, the ASIC 12 sends a REFCLK start command to the SSCG 14 via anI²C bus. Upon receiving the REFCLK start command, the SSCG 14 startstransmitting the REFCLK to the engine 2.

In the image processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the SSCG 14 startstransmitting the REFCLK in response to the REFCLK start command from theASIC 12. It is possible to configure an image processing apparatus inthe manner shown in FIG. 2 in which the SSCG 14 starts transmitting theREFCLK without a process performed by the ASIC 12, i.e., by directlyinputting the REFCLK to an output enable terminal of the SSCG 14.Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the POKENG that is asserted by thereset IC 24 causes the SSCG 14 able to output signals so that the SSCG14 starts transmitting the REFCLK. The rest of the configuration of theimage processing apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is the same or similar to theimage processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1.

Thus, the image processing apparatus according to the first embodimentincludes the PCI Express interface between the controller and the enginefor transmitting a spread-spectrum reference clock. The image processingapparatus performs the reference-clock transmitting process as theboot-up process in which the controller starts transmitting thereference clock after a voltage output from the power source of theengine to the PCI Express interface is in the operating-voltage range.It means that the controller starts transmitting the reference clockafter verifying that the voltage output from the power source of thedevice that receives the reference clock to the PCI Express I/Ointerface is in the operating-voltage range. This makes it possible tooperate the receiver device without failures.

An image processing apparatus according to a second embodiment of thepresent invention stops transmitting the reference clock when thevoltage output from the power source of the device, which receives thereference clock, to the PCI Express I/O interface decreases, due to somereasons, to a voltage lower than the lowest value within theoperating-voltage range. This makes it possible to operate the receiverdevice without failures.

The image processing apparatus according to the second embodiment hasthe structure shown in FIG. 1 or 2, so that only an operationaldescription is made below, not repeating the functional description.When the voltage at the power source 21 of the engine 2 decreases to avoltage lower than the lowest value within the operating-voltage rangeduring the operation, if the image processing apparatus has thestructure shown in FIG. 1, the ASIC 12 negates the POKENG and sends aREFCLK stop command to the SSCG 14 via the I²C bus. If the imageprocessing apparatus has the structure shown in FIG. 2, the enableterminal of the SSCG 14 is disabled so that the SSCG 14 stopstransmitting the REFCLK.

In the image processing apparatus according to the second embodiment,when the voltage output from the power source of the engine to the PCIExpress I/O interface is not in the operating-voltage range during theoperation, the controller 1 stops transmitting the reference clock. Itmeans that the image processing apparatus prevents the device thatreceives the reference clock from failure by stopping transmitting thereference clock when the voltage output from the power source of thereceiver device to the PCI Express I/O interface decreases, by anyreasons, to a voltage lower than the lowest value within theoperating-voltage range.

The process is explained below when there is a failure in establishingcommunication based on the PCI Express in the boot-up process. When theASIC 12 transmits the REFCLK start command, the timer 13 a of the CPU 13starts counting. When communication between the ASIC 12 and the ASIC 22is established before the count of the timer 13 a reaches apredetermined count, the image processing apparatus performs the nextstep of the boot-up process. When the count of the timer 13 a reachesthe predetermined count in the state that the communication between theASIC 12 and the ASIC 22 is not established, the image processingapparatus takes another action that is explained below.

When an image processing apparatus according to a third embodiment ofthe present invention determines that there is a possibility that thePCI Express 5 is in an abnormal state, the image processing apparatusstops transmitting the reference clock to prevent the receiver devicefrom failures.

The image processing apparatus according to the third embodiment has thesame structure as shown in FIG. 1 and performs a process shown in FIG.3. Operation of the image processing apparatus is described withreference to FIGS. 1 and 3.

First, the main power SW 3 is ON so that each of the controller 1 andthe engine 2 generates power required for its operation. Then, the resetIC 24 asserts the POKENG, a signal indicative that the voltage outputfrom the power source 21 to the PCI Express I/O interface is in theoperating-voltage range (step S1). The ASIC 12 detects the POKENG, andsends the REFCLK start command to the SSCG 14 via the I²C bus. Uponreceiving the REFCLK start command, the SSCG 14 starts transmitting theREFCLK (step S2).

When the ASIC 12 sends the REFCLK start command, the timer 13 a startscounting (step S3).

When communication between the ASIC 12 and the ASIC 22 is established(Yes at step S5) before a count of the timer 13 a reaches apredetermined count (No at step S4), the process control goes to thenext step of the boot-up process.

The CPU 13 determines whether the communication is established betweenthe ASIC 12 and the ASIC 22 in the following manner. The LTSSM register12 a in the ASIC 12 is a 32-bit register and stores a status code in anarea thereof from the header to 0 to 8 bits. The value of the statuscode differs depending on the status. When a link training between theASIC 12 and the ASIC 22 succeeds, i.e., the communication between theASIC 12 and the ASIC 22 is established, value “L0” (0x16) is stored inthe LTSSM register 12 a.

The CPU 13 refers to the LTSSM register 12 a and checks whether thestatus code is L0. If the status code is L0, the CPU 13 determines thatthe communication between the ASIC 12 and the ASIC 22 is established.The above process of determining whether the communication between theASIC 12 and the ASIC 22 is established is used in image processingapparatuses according later-described embodiments.

It is allowable that the ASIC 22 includes an LTSSM register 22 a, andthe CPU 13 first checks whether the status code of the LTSSM register 12a is L0 and then checks whether the status code of the LTSSM register 22a is L0.

When such an arrangement is employed, it is possible to check bothwhether communication between the ASIC 12 and the ASIC 22 of the engine2 is established and whether the status code of the LTSSM register 12 ais L0.

When the count of the timer 13 a reaches the predetermined count (Yes atstep S4) in a state the communication between the ASIC 12 of thecontroller 1 and the ASIC 22 of the engine 2 is not established (No atstep S5), it is determined that the communication fails to beestablished. After that, the ASIC 12 sends the REFCLK stop command tothe SSCG 14 via the I²C bus (step S6) to stop the system operation.

When the communication is not established in a predetermined periodafter the first one of the reference clocks was transmitted, the imageprocessing apparatus according to the third embodiment stopstransmitting the reference clock. It means that if there is apossibility that the PCI Express interface is in an abnormal state, theimage processing apparatus stops transmitting the reference clock toprevent the receiver device from failures.

When the communication is not established in a predetermined periodafter the first one of the spread-spectrum reference clocks wastransmitted, an image processing apparatus according to a fourthembodiment of the present invention transmits another reference clockthat is not a spread-spectrum clock (hereinafter, “non spread-spectrumreference clock”) to establish the communication.

The image processing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment hasthe same structure as shown in FIG. 1 and performs a process shown inFIG. 4. Operation of the image processing apparatus is described withreference to FIGS. 1 and 4.

First, the main power SW 3 is ON so that each of the controller 1 andthe engine 2 generates power required for its operation. Then, the resetIC 24 asserts the POKENG (step S11). The ASIC 12 detects the POKENG, andsends the REFCLK start command to the SSCG 14 via the I²C bus. Uponreceiving the REFCLK start command, the SSCG 14 starts transmitting theREFCLK (step S12).

When the ASIC 12 sends the REFCLK start command, the timer 13 a of theCPU 13 starts counting (step S13).

When communication between the ASIC 12 and the ASIC 22 is established(Yes at step S15) before the count of the timer 13 a reaches thepredetermined count (No at step S14), the process control goes to a nextstep of the boot-up process.

When the count of the timer 13 a reaches the predetermined count (Yes atstep S14) in a state the communication between the ASIC 12 and the ASIC22 is not established (No at step S15), it is determined whether theREFCLK is a spread-spectrum clock (step S16). When the REFCLK is not aspread-spectrum clock (No at step S16), the ASIC 12 sends the REFCLKstop command to the SSCG 14 via the I²C bus (step S17) to stop thesystem operation.

The SSCG 14 determines whether the REFCLK is a spread-spectrum clock inthe following manner. Bits 4 and 5 of the register 14 a of the SSCG 14are used for spreading a frequency of the REFCLK, where Bit N representsN-th bit from the head. More particularly, a value indicative of any oneof −0.5%, −0.25%, −0.1%, and OFF can be stored in Bits 4 and 5 as aspreading factor. For example, when both Bits 4 and 5 are OFF, frequencyspreading is not performed. When Bit 4 or 5 stores therein valuesindicative of the spreading factor, the frequency of the REFCLK isspread based on the spreading factor. The SSCG 14 refers to a valuestored in Bits 4 and 5 of the register 14 a to determine whether theREFCLK is a spread-spectrum clock.

When the REFCLK is a spread-spectrum clock (Yes at step S16), the timer13 a is reset (step S18) and the ASIC 12 sends a command fortransmitting a non spread-spectrum reference clock to the SSCG 14 viathe I²C bus. Upon receiving the command, the SSCG 14 transmits the nonspread-spectrum reference clock (step S19) to establish thecommunication.

The SSCG 14 stores a value indicative of OFF in Bits 4 and 5, andgenerates the non spread-spectrum reference clock at step S19.

When the communication is not established in the predetermined periodafter the first one of the spread-spectrum reference clocks wastransmitted, the image processing apparatus according to the fourthembodiment transmits a non spread-spectrum reference clock to establishthe communication. Even when the communication is not established byusing the spread-spectrum reference clock in the predetermined periodafter the first one of the spread-spectrum reference clocks wastransmitted, it is possible to establish the communication by using thenon spread-spectrum reference clock.

When the communication is not established in the predetermined periodafter the first one of the spread-spectrum reference clocks wastransmitted in the boot-up process, an image processing apparatusaccording to a fifth embodiment of the present invention transmitsanother spread-spectrum reference clock that is produced by decreasingthe spreading factor of the transmitted spread-spectrum reference clock(hereinafter, “narrower spread-spectrum reference clock”) to establishthe communication.

The image processing apparatus according to the fifth embodiment has thesame structure as shown in FIG. 1 and performs a process shown in FIG.5. Operation of the image processing apparatus is described withreference to FIGS. 1 and 5.

First, the main power SW 3 is ON so that each of the controller 1 andthe engine 2 generates power required for its operation. Then, the resetIC 24 asserts the POKENG (step S21). The ASIC 12 detects the POKENG, andsends the REFCLK start command to the SSCG 14 via the I²C bus. Uponreceiving the REFCLK start command, the SSCG 14 starts transmitting theREFCLK (step S22).

When the ASIC 12 sends the REFCLK start command, the timer 13 a of theCPU 13 starts counting (step S23).

When communication between the ASIC 12 and the ASIC 22 is established(Yes at step S25) before a count of the timer 13 a reaches apredetermined count (No at step S24), the process control goes to a nextstep of the boot-up process.

When the count of the timer 13 a reaches the predetermined count (Yes atstep S24) in a state that the communication between the ASIC 12 and theASIC 22 is not established (No at step S25), it is determined whetherthe spreading factor of the REFCLK is 0 (step S26). When the spreadingfactor is 0 (Yes at step S26), the ASIC 12 sends the REFCLK stop commandto the SSCG 14 via the I²C bus. Upon receiving the REFCLK stop command,The SSCG 14 stops transmitting the REFCLK (step S27) to stop the systemoperation.

The SSCG 14 determines whether the spreading factor of the REFCLK is 0by referring to the register 14 a. When values stored in Bits 4 and 5indicate OFF, the SSCG 14 determines that the spreading factor of theREFCLK is 0.

When the spreading factor of the REFCLK is not 0 (No at step S26), thetimer 13 a is reset (step S28) and the ASIC 12 sends a command fortransmitting the narrower spread-spectrum REFCLK to the SSCG 14 via theI²C bus. Upon receiving the command, the SSCG 14 transmits the narrowerspread-spectrum REFCLK by decreasing the spreading factor by thepredetermined amount (step S29) to establish the communication based onthe PCI Express between the ASIC 12 and the ASIC 22.

The SSCG 14 stores a value that indicates a spreading factor lower thanthat of the latest-transmitted reference clock by the predeterminedamount in Bits 4 and 5 of the register 14 a, and generates the narrowerspread-spectrum reference clock having the lower spreading factor atstep S29. Image processing apparatuses according to later-describedembodiments of the present invention uses the above-describedspreading-factor reducing process.

After that, when the count of the timer 13 a reaches the predeterminedcount in the state the communication is not established, the ASIC 12sends the command for transmitting a narrower spread-spectrum REFCLK tothe SSCG 14 via the I²C bus. Upon receiving the command, the SSCG 14transmits the narrower spread-spectrum REFCLK by decreasing thespreading factor by a predetermined amount. The spreading-factorreducing process is repeated until the communication between the ASIC 12and the ASIC 22 is established.

When the communication is not established in the predetermined periodafter the first one of the reference clocks having a certain spreadingfactor was transmitted in the boot-up process, the image processingapparatus according to the fifth embodiment decreases the spreadingfactor of the transmitted reference clock to a value low enough toestablish the communication. As a result, even when the communication isnot established by using a first spread-spectrum reference clock in thepredetermined period after the first one of the first spread-spectrumreference clocks was transmitted in the boot-up process, it is possibleto establish the communication by using a second reference clock havinga spreading factor lower than that of the first spread-spectrumreference clock.

Explained below is a method of increasing the spreading factor of thereference clock for the PCI Express as much as possible. The more thespreading factor increases, the more electromagnetic interference (EMI)decreases. When the spreading factor of the reference clock is toolarge, some conventional devices including an interface based on the PCIExpress standards cannot establish communication. On the other hand, asmall spreading factor causes the EMI to increase, which causes anotherproblem. An image processing apparatus according to a sixth embodimentof the present invention performs a process as the boot-up process thatincreases the spreading factor of the reference clock as much aspossible to reduce the EMI.

The image processing apparatus according to the sixth embodiment has thesame structure as shown in FIG. 1 and performs a process shown in FIG.6. Operation of the image processing apparatus is described withreference to FIGS. 1 and 6.

First, the main power SW 3 is ON so that each of the controller 1 andthe engine 2 generates power required for its operation. Then, the resetIC 24 asserts the POKENG (step S31). The ASIC 12 detects the POKENG, andsends the REFCLK start command to the SSCG 14 via the I²C bus. Uponreceiving the REFCLK start command, the SSCG 14 starts transmitting theREFCLK (step S32).

When the ASIC 12 sends the REFCLK start command, the timer 13 a of theCPU 13 starts counting (step S33).

When communication between the ASIC 12 and the ASIC 22 is established(Yes at step S35) before a count of the timer 13 a reaches apredetermined count (No at step S34), the process control goes to stepS40.

When the count of the timer 13 a reaches the predetermined count (Yes atstep S34) in a state that the communication between the ASIC 12 and theASIC 22 is not established (No at step S35), it is determined whetherthe spreading factor of the REFCLK is 0 (step S36). When the spreadingfactor is 0 (Yes at step S36), the ASIC 12 sends the REFCLK stop commandto the SSCG 14 via the I²C bus. Upon receiving the REFCLK stop command,the SSCG 14 stops transmitting the REFCLK (step S37) to stop the systemoperation.

When the spreading factor of the REFCLK is not 0 (No at step S36), thetimer 13 a is reset (step S38) and the ASIC 12 sends a command fortransmitting a narrower spread-spectrum REFCLK to the SSCG 14 via theI²C bus. Upon receiving the command, the SSCG 14 transmits the narrowerspread-spectrum REFCLK by decreasing the spreading factor by thepredetermined amount (step S39) to establish the communication based onthe PCI Express between the ASIC 12 and the ASIC 22.

When the communication between the ASIC 12 and the ASIC 22 isestablished at step S35 (Yes at step S35), the timer 13 a is reset (stepS40), and the ASIC 12 sends to the SSCG 14 via the I²C bus a command fortransmitting another spread-spectrum reference clock that has aspreading factor higher than the transmitted spread-spectrum referenceclock (hereinafter, “wider spread-spectrum reference clock”). Uponreceiving the command, the SSCG 14 transmits the wider spread-spectrumreference clock by increasing the spreading factor by a predeterminedamount (step S41) to establish the communication. The spreading-factorraising process is repeated until a specific wider spread-spectrumreference clock is found by which the communication was not establishedin the predetermined period after the first one of the specific widerspread-spectrum reference clocks was transmitted.

The SSCG 14 stores a value that indicates a spreading factor higher thanthat of the latest-transmitted reference clock by the predeterminedamount in Bits 4 and 5 of the register 14 a, and generates the widerspread-spectrum reference clock having the higher spreading factor atstep S41.

After that, the timer 13 a starts counting again (step S42). Whencommunication between the ASIC 12 and the ASIC 22 is established (Yes atstep S44) before a count of the timer 13 a reaches a predetermined count(No at step S43), the process control returns to step S40.

When the count of the timer 13 a reaches the predetermined count (Yes atstep S43) in a state that the communication between the ASIC 12 and theASIC 22 is not established (No at step S44), the SSCG 14 sets thespreading factor to a final value that is either a highest one of valuesby which the communication was established at step S44 or an added valueof the highest value and a predetermined extra amount, and transmits areference clock having the final value as the spreading factor (stepS45) to boot-up the system.

Every time the communication is established, the SSCG 14 updates thespreading factor that is stored in Bits 4 and 5 of the register 14 a andstores a log of the spreading factor in a storage unit such as a memory.The SSCG 14 sets the spreading factor to the final value that is eithera highest one of values by which the communication was established atstep S44 or an added value of the highest value and a predeterminedextra amount, and generates a reference clock having the final value asthe spreading factor at step S45.

The image processing apparatus according to the sixth embodiment firstestablishes the communication by transmitting the reference clock, andthen increases the spreading factor of the reference clock to a highestone of values capable of establishing the communication. This makes itpossible to decrease the EMI by increasing the spreading factor of thereference clock as much as possible in the boot-up process.

Each of the image processing apparatuses according to the first to thesixth embodiments performs the above operation as the boot-up processfor transmitting the reference clock after the voltage at the powersource of the engine 2 is in the operating-voltage range. An imageprocessing apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the presentinvention performs such operation, i.e., reference-clock transmittingprocesses, as processes of rebooting from an energy-saving mode.

The energy-saving mode is a mode in which the 5-VE DC power is ON whilethe 5-V DC power is OFF, so that the controller 1, which receives boththe 5-VE and the 5-V power in a normal mode, receives only the 5-VE DCpower and the engine 2, which receives the 5-V power in the normal mode,receives no power.

The image processing apparatus according to the seventh embodiment hasthe same structure as shown in FIG. 1.

First, a process of shifting to the energy-saving mode is explained.FIG. 7 is a flowchart of the process of shifting from the normal mode tothe energy-saving mode. The image processing apparatus is in a stand-bymode at the beginning of the process (step S51). When the ASIC 12negates the PONENG (step S52), the PSU 4 switches the 5-V DC power OFF(step S53) so that the power source 21 of the engine 2 is OFF (stepS54). Thereafter, the reset IC 24 negates the POKENG (step S55). Inresponse to the POKENG negation, the ASIC 12 sends a REFCLK stop commandto the SSCG 14 via the I²C bus, and the SSCG 14 stop transmitting thereference clock (step S56). At the end of the process, the imageprocessing apparatus is in the energy-saving mode (step S57).

Then, a process of rebooting from the energy-saving mode is explained.FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the process of rebooting from the energy-savingmode.

The image processing apparatus is in the energy-saving mode at thebeginning of the process (step S61). When the ASIC 12 asserts the PONENG(step S62), the PSU 4 switches the 5-V DC power ON (step S63) so thatthe power source 21 of the engine 2 is ON (step S64) and the reset IC 24asserts the POKENG (step S65). Succeeding steps after step S65 fortransmitting the reference clock are similar to those shown in FIGS. 3to 8. It means that, in the process of rebooting from the energy-savingmode, it is determined whether a voltage output from the power source 21of the engine 2 to the PCI Express I/O interface is in theoperating-voltage range, and when the voltage is in theoperating-voltage range the SSCG 14 starts transmitting the referenceclock.

The image processing apparatus according to the seventh embodimentperforms the reference-clock transmitting process as the reboot processfor transmitting the reference clock after verifying that the voltageoutput from the power source of the engine to the interface is in theoperating-voltage range. This makes it possible to operate the enginewithout failures.

An embodiment of the present invention can be used as a technique for adevice that includes an interface based on the PCI Express standards.

According to an aspect of the present invention, in the image processingapparatus, the controller starts transmitting a reference clock onlywhen a voltage output from a power source of the engine that receivesthe reference clock via the interface is in a predeterminedoperating-voltage range. This makes it possible to operate the engine 2without failures.

Although the invention has been described with respect to specificembodiments for a complete and clear disclosure, the appended claims arenot to be thus limited but are to be construed as embodying allmodifications and alternative constructions that may occur to oneskilled in the art that fairly fall within the basic teaching herein setforth.

1. An image processing apparatus comprising: an engine unit thatprocesses an image; a control unit that controls operation of the engineunit; an interface that connects the engine unit and the control unit toeach other, wherein the control unit controls operation of the engineunit by sending a reference clock to the engine unit via the interface;and a power source that supplies electric power to the interface,wherein the engine unit includes a first determining unit thatdetermines whether a voltage output from the power source to theinterface is in a predetermined operating-voltage range, and the controlunit includes a clock generator that starts generating, when the firstdetermining unit determines that the voltage is in the operating-voltagerange, a first reference-clock and transmits the first reference-clockto the engine unit via the interface.
 2. The image processing apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein, when the first determining unitdetermines that the voltage is not in the operating-voltage range, theclock generator stops transmitting the first reference-clock.
 3. Theimage processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controlunit further includes a second determining unit that determines whethera communication is established between the control unit and the engineunit in a predetermined period after the clock generator startstransmitting the first reference-clock, and when the second determiningunit determines that the communication is not established in thepredetermined period after the clock generator starts transmitting thefirst reference-clock, the clock generator stops transmitting the firstreference-clock.
 4. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1,wherein the control unit further includes a second determining unit thatdetermines whether a communication is established between the controlunit and the engine unit in a predetermined period after the clockgenerator starts transmitting the first reference-clock, and when thesecond determining unit determines that the communication is notestablished in the predetermined period after the clock generator startstransmitting the first reference-clock, the clock generator generates asecond reference-clock that is not a spread-spectrum clock.
 5. The imageprocessing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unitfurther includes a second determining unit that determines whether acommunication is established between the control unit and the engineunit in a predetermined period after the clock generator startstransmitting the first reference-clock, and when the second determiningunit determines that the communication is not established in thepredetermined period after the clock generator starts transmitting thefirst reference-clock, the clock generator generates a secondreference-clock that is produced by decreasing a spreading factor of thefirst reference-clock to a value by which it is possible to establishthe communication.
 6. The image processing apparatus according to claim1, wherein the control unit further includes a second determining unitthat determines whether a communication is established between thecontrol unit and the engine unit in a predetermined period after theclock generator starts transmitting the first reference-clock, and afterthe second determining unit determines that the communication isestablished in the predetermined period after the clock generator startstransmitting the first reference-clock, the clock generator generates asecond reference-clock that is produced by increasing a spreading factorof the first reference-clock to a highest value by which it is possibleto establish the communication.
 7. The image processing apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein the clock generator starts transmittingthe first reference-clock as a process of booting up the imageprocessing apparatus.
 8. The image processing apparatus according toclaim 1, wherein the clock generator starts transmitting the firstreference-clock as a process of rebooting the image processing apparatusfrom an energy-saving mode in which the engine unit does not receiveelectric power and the control unit receives a part of electric power.9. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, the interface isbased on peripheral component interconnect express standards.
 10. Amethod of transmitting a reference clock from a first device to a seconddevice via an interface, the method comprising: determining whether avoltage input to the interface is in a predetermined operating-voltagerange; and starting generating, when it is determined at the determiningthat the voltage is in the operating-voltage range, a reference clock bythe first device and transmitting the reference clock to the seconddevice via the interface.
 11. The method according to claim 10, whereinthe first device is an engine unit that processes an image, the seconddevice is a control unit that controls operation of the engine unit, andthe interface is based on peripheral component interconnect expressstandards.